Colon cancer, a common but often overlooked disease, can have serious consequences if not detected early. Recognizing the risk factors, symptoms, and screening options is vital for prevention and timely intervention. This article aims to equip you with the knowledge needed to protect yourself and your loved ones from colon cancer.
What Is Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum. Colon cancer typically begins as small, noncancerous polyps that can develop into cancer over time. Regular screening tests can help detect and remove these polyps before they become cancerous.
Risk factors for colon cancer include age (most cases occur in people over the age of 50), a personal or family history of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), a diet high in red and processed meats, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use.
Colon cancer can be prevented through regular screening tests, such as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or a fecal immunochemical test (FIT). These tests can detect polyps or cancer at an early stage, when they are more easily treated. People at average risk of colon cancer should begin screening at age 45. Those at high risk may need to start screening earlier.
Colon Cancer: What Are The Signs?
Colon cancer often does not cause any symptoms in its early stages. As the cancer grows, it may cause symptoms such as:
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Diarrhea, constipation, or a change in stool caliber
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting2
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor right away. Colon cancer is highly treatable when caught early, but it can be fatal if left untreated.
Colon Cancer Treatment Options
The treatment for colon cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the person’s overall health, and their preferences. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.2
Surgery is the most common treatment for colon cancer. The type of surgery will depend on the location and size of the cancer. In some cases, surgery may be curative. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often used before or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are newer treatments that are used to target specific proteins or cells involved in the growth of colon cancer.
The outlook for people with colon cancer depends on the stage of the cancer at diagnosis and the person’s overall health. The earlier the cancer is diagnosed and treated, the better the outlook.
Learn More About Colon Cancer
Staying informed about colon cancer can significantly improve early detection and treatment outcomes. Regular screenings and awareness of risk factors are essential for prevention. Prioritize your health by taking proactive steps to reduce your risk and ensure timely medical attention if needed.